International Conference on Mathematics and Natural Sciences, 29-30 Nov. 2006, Bandung West Java.
Nengah Dwianita Kuswytasari (1), I Nyoman Pugeg Aryantha (1,2)
1) RG Microbiology, Genetics and Molecular Biology School of Life Sciences and Technology ITB
2) Center for Life Sciences ITB
ABSTRACT
The presence of bacterial endosymbiont on some species of aphids has been studied by using molecular approach. Aphids were collected from BALITSA vegetable field in Lembang West Java. Four methods for DNA isolation were applied, but only modified method of Fukatsu (1999) was successfully isolated the high molecular weight of aphid DNA along with endosymbiont DNA. Polimerase Chain Reaction (PCR) technique was employed to amplify the DNA by using 16SA1 and SB1 primers. The primers (5’-AGAGTTTGATCMTGGCTCAG-‘3[forward], 5’-TACGGYTACCTTGTTACGACTT-‘3[reverse]) were designed to amplify general eubacterial 16S rDNA with a total length 1500 bp of amplification result. Amplification results show that only Aphis gossypii (Glover) give a positive result of bacterial endosymbiont. Other species of aphid [i.e Aphis craccivora (Koch), Myzus ornatus (Laing), Myzus persicae (Sulzer), Lipaphis erysimii (Kaltenbach), and Rhopalosiphum rufiabdominalis (Sasaki)] did not give any positive result of eubacterial endosymbiont. Perhaps there is no endosymbiont exist on these species or they have other kind of endosymbiont rather than eubacterial endosymbiont. It is also found that bacterial endosymbiont DNA can not be well preserved with acetone 100% over 1, 3, 6 and 9 months.
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Keywords : Bacterial endosymbiont, aphid, 16S rDNA
Monday, October 20, 2008
BIODEGRADATION OF CYANIDE BY BACTERIAL ISOLATE FROM TAPIOCA WASTE ORIGIN FROM TASIKMALAYA-WEST JAVA
International Conference on Mathematics and Natural Sciences, 29-30 Nov. 2006, Bandung West Java.
Yadi Haryadi (1) and I Nyoman Pugeg Aryantha (1,2)
1) Center for Life Sciences ITB
2) RG Microbiology, Genetics and Molecular Biology School of Life Sciences and Technology
ABSTRACT
Research on the potency of bacterial isolate to degrade cyanide has been conducted. The isolate was taken from contaminant soil at tapioca waste water treatment in Cikatomas, Tasikmalaya-West Java. The study was begin by isolation of bacterial that can degrade cyanide using liquid basal medium containing cyanide 50 ppm + 1 % (w/v) glucose (Akcil & Mudder, 2003). The isolate was then purified by using spread method on solid basal medium. One isolate identified as Paracoccus sp. was found to potential as biodegradation agent for cyanide. The isolate was adapted in liquid basal medium containing 200 ppm cyanide + 1 % (b/v) glucose. This activated inoculums was then used for further treatments. The next step of trial was the biodegradation of cyanide up to 300 ppm. After 60 hours incubation, approximately 68,2% of cyanide was degraded. The cyanide was degraded at optimum rate of 8,096 ppm hour-1. The last concentration of cyanide was 16,684 ppm. Ammonia was produced during the process in amount of 0,0286 - 83,7667 ppm. Ammonia was generated from cyanide and the significant amount occurred after most of cyanide disappeared. The conclusion of this research is that Paracoccus sp. which was isolated from tapioca waste can degrade up to 68,20 % of 300 ppm cyanide solution during 60 hours incubation with formation of ammonia.
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Keywords : Cyanide biodegradation, Paracoccus sp., tapioca waste, bioremediation
Yadi Haryadi (1) and I Nyoman Pugeg Aryantha (1,2)
1) Center for Life Sciences ITB
2) RG Microbiology, Genetics and Molecular Biology School of Life Sciences and Technology
ABSTRACT
Research on the potency of bacterial isolate to degrade cyanide has been conducted. The isolate was taken from contaminant soil at tapioca waste water treatment in Cikatomas, Tasikmalaya-West Java. The study was begin by isolation of bacterial that can degrade cyanide using liquid basal medium containing cyanide 50 ppm + 1 % (w/v) glucose (Akcil & Mudder, 2003). The isolate was then purified by using spread method on solid basal medium. One isolate identified as Paracoccus sp. was found to potential as biodegradation agent for cyanide. The isolate was adapted in liquid basal medium containing 200 ppm cyanide + 1 % (b/v) glucose. This activated inoculums was then used for further treatments. The next step of trial was the biodegradation of cyanide up to 300 ppm. After 60 hours incubation, approximately 68,2% of cyanide was degraded. The cyanide was degraded at optimum rate of 8,096 ppm hour-1. The last concentration of cyanide was 16,684 ppm. Ammonia was produced during the process in amount of 0,0286 - 83,7667 ppm. Ammonia was generated from cyanide and the significant amount occurred after most of cyanide disappeared. The conclusion of this research is that Paracoccus sp. which was isolated from tapioca waste can degrade up to 68,20 % of 300 ppm cyanide solution during 60 hours incubation with formation of ammonia.
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Keywords : Cyanide biodegradation, Paracoccus sp., tapioca waste, bioremediation
Effect of oyster mushroom mycelial water extract on total blood cholesterol level of
International Conference on Mathematics and Natural Sciences, 29-30 Nov. 2006, Bandung West Java. P. 160.
Afifah BS.1,2, INP. Aryantha1, Suswini K.1, Yuli S.21. Center for Life Science ITB, Jalan Ganesha 10 Bandung 401322. Department of Pharmacy UNJANI, Jl. Terusan Jenderal Sudirman Cimahi
ABSTRACT
A study on the effect of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) mycelial water extract on total blood cholesterol level has been conducted using Wistar female rats with high cholesterol diet and prophylthiouracil (PTU) as hypercholesterolemic inducing agent. The animal were divided into two dose-level groups and one control group, each group consists of six rats. In the cholesterol inhibition method, both high cholesterol diet and PTU were administered simultaneously with the mycelial extract orally. In the cholesterol reducing method, high cholesterol diet and PTU were given over 4 weeks and then followed by anticholesterol treatment with the mycelial extract. Two doses level of the mycelial extract, 55 and 110 mg/kg body weight were applied respectively. Total blood cholesterol level was observed once a week over 4 weeks. As hypercholesterolemic inhibitor, the both doses level relatively could inhibit about 9.34% and 9.61% respectively the increasing of cholesterol level significantly (P=0.05) at day-21 (3rd week) compared with control. As hypercholesterolemic reducer, 110 mg/kg body weight of the mycelial extract could reduce relatively about 59.73% hypercholesterolemia at day-7 (1st week) compared with control. It can be concluded that the mycelial water extract of oyster mushroom was able to inhibit and to reduce relatively hypercholesterolemia in female rats.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Keywords : oyster mushroom, mycelial water extrac, hypercholesterolemia
Afifah BS.1,2, INP. Aryantha1, Suswini K.1, Yuli S.21. Center for Life Science ITB, Jalan Ganesha 10 Bandung 401322. Department of Pharmacy UNJANI, Jl. Terusan Jenderal Sudirman Cimahi
ABSTRACT
A study on the effect of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) mycelial water extract on total blood cholesterol level has been conducted using Wistar female rats with high cholesterol diet and prophylthiouracil (PTU) as hypercholesterolemic inducing agent. The animal were divided into two dose-level groups and one control group, each group consists of six rats. In the cholesterol inhibition method, both high cholesterol diet and PTU were administered simultaneously with the mycelial extract orally. In the cholesterol reducing method, high cholesterol diet and PTU were given over 4 weeks and then followed by anticholesterol treatment with the mycelial extract. Two doses level of the mycelial extract, 55 and 110 mg/kg body weight were applied respectively. Total blood cholesterol level was observed once a week over 4 weeks. As hypercholesterolemic inhibitor, the both doses level relatively could inhibit about 9.34% and 9.61% respectively the increasing of cholesterol level significantly (P=0.05) at day-21 (3rd week) compared with control. As hypercholesterolemic reducer, 110 mg/kg body weight of the mycelial extract could reduce relatively about 59.73% hypercholesterolemia at day-7 (1st week) compared with control. It can be concluded that the mycelial water extract of oyster mushroom was able to inhibit and to reduce relatively hypercholesterolemia in female rats.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Keywords : oyster mushroom, mycelial water extrac, hypercholesterolemia
Sunday, October 19, 2008
The optimization of nutrient factors in spore production of Paecilomyces fumosoroseus (Wize) Brown & Smith with submerged – surface fermentation syste
Proceeding ITB, Vol. 32, (3) : 85-91 (2000)
Dini Jamiah Rayati; I Nyoman P. Aryantha and Purwo Arbianto
Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences ITB
Jalan Ganesha 10 Bandung Indonesia
Paecilomyces fumosoroseus has been reported to be potential as a biocontrol agent for insect pests. The mass spore production of the fungus still needs to be developed. This research was trying to find out the optimum condition for producing the mass spore production of the fungus. At submerged-fermentation stage (vegetative growth), the nutrition factors (i.e. carbon, nitrogen source and C/N ratio) were optimized, whereas at surface-fermentation stage (sporulation) nutrient concentration was optimized. The results show that three kinds of carbon source (i.e glucose, maltose, and sucrose) gave the same mycelial growth for P. fumosoroseus. The organic nitrogen sources (i.e glysine, glutamine, serine, alanine, asparagines and a mixture of the first four amino acids) gave a better significant growth for P. fumosoroseus (a=0,05) compared with the inorganic -nitrogen source (sodium nitrate and ammonium chloride). The optimum C/N ratio for the mycelial growth of the fungus was found at 14 value. Finally, the optimum nutrient condition for sporulation was found in the stationary growth phase medium by transferring the harvested mycelium into a flat container. At this optimum condition the fungus produced an average of 4.5 x 109 spre per gram mycelium after 190 hours. These results suggests that the mass spore production of P. fumosoroseus could be done by using two steps fermentation system by using organic substrate containing amino acids and sugars such as wheat or rice bran and mollases.
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Biological control, Entomopathogenic fungus, fumosoroseus, two-stage fermentation
Dini Jamiah Rayati; I Nyoman P. Aryantha and Purwo Arbianto
Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences ITB
Jalan Ganesha 10 Bandung Indonesia
Paecilomyces fumosoroseus has been reported to be potential as a biocontrol agent for insect pests. The mass spore production of the fungus still needs to be developed. This research was trying to find out the optimum condition for producing the mass spore production of the fungus. At submerged-fermentation stage (vegetative growth), the nutrition factors (i.e. carbon, nitrogen source and C/N ratio) were optimized, whereas at surface-fermentation stage (sporulation) nutrient concentration was optimized. The results show that three kinds of carbon source (i.e glucose, maltose, and sucrose) gave the same mycelial growth for P. fumosoroseus. The organic nitrogen sources (i.e glysine, glutamine, serine, alanine, asparagines and a mixture of the first four amino acids) gave a better significant growth for P. fumosoroseus (a=0,05) compared with the inorganic -nitrogen source (sodium nitrate and ammonium chloride). The optimum C/N ratio for the mycelial growth of the fungus was found at 14 value. Finally, the optimum nutrient condition for sporulation was found in the stationary growth phase medium by transferring the harvested mycelium into a flat container. At this optimum condition the fungus produced an average of 4.5 x 109 spre per gram mycelium after 190 hours. These results suggests that the mass spore production of P. fumosoroseus could be done by using two steps fermentation system by using organic substrate containing amino acids and sugars such as wheat or rice bran and mollases.
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Biological control, Entomopathogenic fungus, fumosoroseus, two-stage fermentation
Wednesday, October 15, 2008
OCCURRENCE OF TRITERPENOIDS AND POLYSACCHARIDES ON GANODERMA TROPICUM WITH GANODERMA LUCIDUM AS A REFERENCE
J. Australasian Mycologist, vol 20 (2) : 123-129 (2001)
I Nyoman P. Aryantha, Andi Adinda and Suswini Kusmaningati1)
Dept. of Biology ITB, Jalan Ganesha 10 Bandung 40132, Indonesia
1) IURC Life Sciences ITB, Jalan Ganesha 10 Bandung 40132, Indonesia
ABSTRACT
Local strain of Ganoderma tropicum has been analyzed for the appearance of triterpenoids and polysaccharides with a commercial Ganoderma lucidum as a reference. G. tropicum was isolated from Delonix regia tree, ornamental tree locally known as Flamboyant, on December 1999. The fungus is parasitic to the tree which is quite aggressive killing the tree within 1-5 years. The fruiting body of both G. tropicum and G. lucidum were obtained by growing them in sawdust after 3 month incubation. Analysis for triterpenoids was conducted by using silica gel-thin layer chromatography (TLC) with eluent of chloroform:methanol (10:1) and Carr-Price as well as Lieberman-Burchard as banding agents and observed under UV light (l366 nm). The same technique, except for the eluent n-buthanol:acetic acid:eter:water (9:6:3:1) and banding agent of aniline ftalate, was also used for detecting polysaccharides in form of their monomers (glucose, galactose, xylose and rhamnose) under normal light. Both triterpenes and polysaccharides were detected on G. tropicum and G. lucidum, indicating that local strain of G. tropicum also possesses medicinal value.
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Keywords : Ganoderma tropicum, Ganoderma lucidum, triterpenes, polysaccharides, medicinal mushroom
I Nyoman P. Aryantha, Andi Adinda and Suswini Kusmaningati1)
Dept. of Biology ITB, Jalan Ganesha 10 Bandung 40132, Indonesia
1) IURC Life Sciences ITB, Jalan Ganesha 10 Bandung 40132, Indonesia
ABSTRACT
Local strain of Ganoderma tropicum has been analyzed for the appearance of triterpenoids and polysaccharides with a commercial Ganoderma lucidum as a reference. G. tropicum was isolated from Delonix regia tree, ornamental tree locally known as Flamboyant, on December 1999. The fungus is parasitic to the tree which is quite aggressive killing the tree within 1-5 years. The fruiting body of both G. tropicum and G. lucidum were obtained by growing them in sawdust after 3 month incubation. Analysis for triterpenoids was conducted by using silica gel-thin layer chromatography (TLC) with eluent of chloroform:methanol (10:1) and Carr-Price as well as Lieberman-Burchard as banding agents and observed under UV light (l366 nm). The same technique, except for the eluent n-buthanol:acetic acid:eter:water (9:6:3:1) and banding agent of aniline ftalate, was also used for detecting polysaccharides in form of their monomers (glucose, galactose, xylose and rhamnose) under normal light. Both triterpenes and polysaccharides were detected on G. tropicum and G. lucidum, indicating that local strain of G. tropicum also possesses medicinal value.
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Keywords : Ganoderma tropicum, Ganoderma lucidum, triterpenes, polysaccharides, medicinal mushroom
Monday, October 13, 2008
Potensi Isolat Bakteri Penghasil IAA dalam Meningkatkan Pertumbuhan Kecambah Kacang Hijau [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek Pada Kondisi Hidroponik
Jurnal Mikrobiologi Indonesia, Vol. 9 No. 2, hal 43-46
The Potency of IAA Producing Bacteria Isolates on Promotion The Growth of Mungbean Sprout [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] in Hydroponic Condition
I Nyoman P. Aryantha[1], Dian P. Lestari., Nurmi Puri Dwi P.
Kelompok Penelitian dan Pengembangan (KPP) Ilmu Hayati LPPM-ITB
Gedung Litbang ITB (Lt.VI) Jl. Ganesha 10 Bandung 40132
ABSTRACT
Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) is a key hormone for various aspects of plant growth and development. Liquid and powder products of five IAA producing bacteria (D2, D3 from Bacilli group and KB, LE, LC from actinomycetes group) were investigated in semi in vivo assay towards mungbean (Vigna radiata) growth. Liquid fermentation product without cell separation was diluted 20, 40 and 60 times in sterilized water and dried powder was suspended in four concentrations i.e 0.01, 0.1, 1 and 3 g per 100 ml of water. Biological assay was conducted towards 3-day-old mungbean seedlings with hydroponic method in 20 ml tubes at room temperature and light intensity of 40 lux. The length of seedlings and root branching were assessed over 4 days. The data were analyzed by ANOVA. The powder product of KB at concentration rate of 0.01 g/100 ml (IAA =0.021 μg/ml) gave the highest result (28.1 cm) in increasing seedling length (significant level : P < 0.05) compared with other treatments and control. For root branching, the liquid product of LC with 20 times dilution (IAA=1.82 μg/ml) gave the highest number (24.25) of branches (significant level : P < 0.05) compared with other treatments and control. These results indicate that these IAA-producing bacteria are potential to be used for promoting the growth of mungbean plant.
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[Keywords : Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), Vigna radiata, Bacillus, Actinomycetes, Soil bacteria, Microbial Phytohormone] [1] Korespondensi dialamatkan ke : nyoman@bi.itb.ac.id, Tel/Fax : 022-2509165 HP. 0811229819
The Potency of IAA Producing Bacteria Isolates on Promotion The Growth of Mungbean Sprout [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] in Hydroponic Condition
I Nyoman P. Aryantha[1], Dian P. Lestari., Nurmi Puri Dwi P.
Kelompok Penelitian dan Pengembangan (KPP) Ilmu Hayati LPPM-ITB
Gedung Litbang ITB (Lt.VI) Jl. Ganesha 10 Bandung 40132
ABSTRACT
Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) is a key hormone for various aspects of plant growth and development. Liquid and powder products of five IAA producing bacteria (D2, D3 from Bacilli group and KB, LE, LC from actinomycetes group) were investigated in semi in vivo assay towards mungbean (Vigna radiata) growth. Liquid fermentation product without cell separation was diluted 20, 40 and 60 times in sterilized water and dried powder was suspended in four concentrations i.e 0.01, 0.1, 1 and 3 g per 100 ml of water. Biological assay was conducted towards 3-day-old mungbean seedlings with hydroponic method in 20 ml tubes at room temperature and light intensity of 40 lux. The length of seedlings and root branching were assessed over 4 days. The data were analyzed by ANOVA. The powder product of KB at concentration rate of 0.01 g/100 ml (IAA =0.021 μg/ml) gave the highest result (28.1 cm) in increasing seedling length (significant level : P < 0.05) compared with other treatments and control. For root branching, the liquid product of LC with 20 times dilution (IAA=1.82 μg/ml) gave the highest number (24.25) of branches (significant level : P < 0.05) compared with other treatments and control. These results indicate that these IAA-producing bacteria are potential to be used for promoting the growth of mungbean plant.
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[Keywords : Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), Vigna radiata, Bacillus, Actinomycetes, Soil bacteria, Microbial Phytohormone] [1] Korespondensi dialamatkan ke : nyoman@bi.itb.ac.id, Tel/Fax : 022-2509165 HP. 0811229819
Tuesday, October 7, 2008
Phosphonate (PO3-) effectiveness against Phytophthora cinnamomi Rands on Thryptomene calycina, Banksia grandis and Banksia spinulosa
Plant Pathology Journal 3(1) 2004 : 19-25
I Nyoman Pugeg Aryantha1* and David I. Guest2
1) Dept. of Biology and Research Development Group on Life Sciences, Institut Teknologi Bandung (ITB), Jalan Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
Tlp./Fax. +62-22-2509165, Email : nyoman@bi.itb.ac.id
*) Corresponding author should be addressed
2) School of Botany, The University of Melbourne, Victoria-Australia
ABSTRACT
Our study shows that Potassium phosphonate has been proven to slow down the growth rate of P. cinnamomi in in vitro. Phosphonate drench as low as one gram per litre was effective in protecting Thryptomene calycina, Banksia grandis, and B. spinulosa in pot and field trials. In glass house trials, concentrations as low as one gram per litre (drench) significantly suppressed the P. cinnamomi population. Concentrations over two and a half gram per litre were phytotoxic to all plant species tested. The most sensitive species was B. spinulosa. Phosphonate [5 gL-1] killed all B. spinulosa plants in seven weeks, therefore it must be used with a great care. Phosphonate treatment alone was effective protecting plants from disease in the field, but did not result in high plant health. Despite new root growth in pot trials after seven weeks, poor growth was commonly observed on T. calycina after 14 months in field trials. This suggests that phosphonate is not suitable as sole application particularly for the long term. A combination of phosphonate with compost as well as antagonist as an integrated management will be a good alternative for P. cinnamomi management in the future.
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Keywords : Phosphonate, Phytophthora cinnamomi, Thryptomene calycina, Banksia grandis, Banksia spinulosa, phytotoxic, Integrated control
I Nyoman Pugeg Aryantha1* and David I. Guest2
1) Dept. of Biology and Research Development Group on Life Sciences, Institut Teknologi Bandung (ITB), Jalan Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
Tlp./Fax. +62-22-2509165, Email : nyoman@bi.itb.ac.id
*) Corresponding author should be addressed
2) School of Botany, The University of Melbourne, Victoria-Australia
ABSTRACT
Our study shows that Potassium phosphonate has been proven to slow down the growth rate of P. cinnamomi in in vitro. Phosphonate drench as low as one gram per litre was effective in protecting Thryptomene calycina, Banksia grandis, and B. spinulosa in pot and field trials. In glass house trials, concentrations as low as one gram per litre (drench) significantly suppressed the P. cinnamomi population. Concentrations over two and a half gram per litre were phytotoxic to all plant species tested. The most sensitive species was B. spinulosa. Phosphonate [5 gL-1] killed all B. spinulosa plants in seven weeks, therefore it must be used with a great care. Phosphonate treatment alone was effective protecting plants from disease in the field, but did not result in high plant health. Despite new root growth in pot trials after seven weeks, poor growth was commonly observed on T. calycina after 14 months in field trials. This suggests that phosphonate is not suitable as sole application particularly for the long term. A combination of phosphonate with compost as well as antagonist as an integrated management will be a good alternative for P. cinnamomi management in the future.
_________________________________________
Keywords : Phosphonate, Phytophthora cinnamomi, Thryptomene calycina, Banksia grandis, Banksia spinulosa, phytotoxic, Integrated control
Suppression of Phytophthora cinnamomi Rands by mycoprasitic and antagonistic microorganisms
Plant Pathology Journal : 5(3) 2006, 291-298
Suppression of Phytophthora cinnamomi Rands by mycoprasitic and antagonistic microorganisms
I Nyoman P. Aryantha [1] and David I. Guest2
1) Dept. of Biology and Research Development Group on Life Sciences, Institut Teknologi Bandung (ITB), Jalan Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
Tlp./Fax. +62-22-2509165
Email : nyoman@bi.itb.ac.id
2) School of Botany, The University of Melbourne, Victoria Australia
Running title: Antagonists from composted manuresSuppression of Phytophthora cinnamomi Rands by mycoprasitic and antagonistic microorganisms
ABSTRACT
We have isolated bacteria and fungi from composted chicken, sheep, cow and horse manure and screened each isolate for its ability to suppress P. cinnamomi in dual-culture in vitro plate and slide assays. Of the 180 isolates, including 31 actinomycetes, 64 fungi, 44 fluorescent pseudomonads and 41 endospore-forming bacteria, 45 isolates significantly inhibited the growth of P. cinnamomi. The inhibitory microbes were identified based on morphological and biochemical characters including 24 fungi (including Trichoderma spp., Gliocladium penicillioides and Fusarium spp.), 10 actinomycetes (all Streptomyces sp.), 7 fluorescent pseudomonads (Pseudomonas sp.) and 4 endospore-forming bacteria (Bacillus sp.). The most common mode of action observed was antibiosis, although mycoparasitism, indicated by parallel hyphal growth, hyphal coiling, appressorium formation and direct penetration, was also observed with one isolate of Trichoderma. These results help to explain the role of microbes in the suppression and biological control of P. cinnamomi by composted manures.
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Keywords : Antagonism, Antibiosis, Mycoparasitism, Biocontrol, Phytophthora cinnamomi,
Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Actinomycete.
[1] Corresponding author should be addressed to
Suppression of Phytophthora cinnamomi Rands by mycoprasitic and antagonistic microorganisms
I Nyoman P. Aryantha [1] and David I. Guest2
1) Dept. of Biology and Research Development Group on Life Sciences, Institut Teknologi Bandung (ITB), Jalan Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
Tlp./Fax. +62-22-2509165
Email : nyoman@bi.itb.ac.id
2) School of Botany, The University of Melbourne, Victoria Australia
Running title: Antagonists from composted manuresSuppression of Phytophthora cinnamomi Rands by mycoprasitic and antagonistic microorganisms
ABSTRACT
We have isolated bacteria and fungi from composted chicken, sheep, cow and horse manure and screened each isolate for its ability to suppress P. cinnamomi in dual-culture in vitro plate and slide assays. Of the 180 isolates, including 31 actinomycetes, 64 fungi, 44 fluorescent pseudomonads and 41 endospore-forming bacteria, 45 isolates significantly inhibited the growth of P. cinnamomi. The inhibitory microbes were identified based on morphological and biochemical characters including 24 fungi (including Trichoderma spp., Gliocladium penicillioides and Fusarium spp.), 10 actinomycetes (all Streptomyces sp.), 7 fluorescent pseudomonads (Pseudomonas sp.) and 4 endospore-forming bacteria (Bacillus sp.). The most common mode of action observed was antibiosis, although mycoparasitism, indicated by parallel hyphal growth, hyphal coiling, appressorium formation and direct penetration, was also observed with one isolate of Trichoderma. These results help to explain the role of microbes in the suppression and biological control of P. cinnamomi by composted manures.
-------------------------------
Keywords : Antagonism, Antibiosis, Mycoparasitism, Biocontrol, Phytophthora cinnamomi,
Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Actinomycete.
[1] Corresponding author should be addressed to
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